RPP English

LESSON PLAN

(RPP)

CURRICULUM 2013

Unit of Learning         : Senior High School 

Subject                        : CHEMICAL

Class / Semester          : XI / 2

Highlights                   : Acid and Base Solutions

Sub Subject                 : Acid and Base Solutions

Allocation Time          : 2 × 45 minutes

I. BASIC COMPETENCE

3.10. Analyze the nature of the solution based on the concept of acid base and / or solution pH.

4.10. Submit an idea / idea of ​​using appropriate indicator to determine acidity of acid / base or acid / base titration.

II. MATERIALS

ARRHENIUS BASIC ARABY THEORY

As mentioned in Acid Bases, One of the basic acidic theories is the theory of Arrhenius Basa Acid.

TYPES OF ACID COMPOUNDS

Svante Arrhenius (1887) argued that acid is a substance that when dissolved into water will produce hydronium ions (H +). Acid is generally a covalent compound and will become acidic if it is soluble in water. For example hydrogen chloride gas is not an acid, but if it is dissolved into water will produce H + ions. The reaction is:

HCl (aq) → H + (aq) + Cl- (aq)

Several types of acid compounds, including:

1. Binary Acid (consists of two types of elements)

Example:

Fluoride Acid: HF (aq) → H + (aq) + F- (aq)

Hydrochloric acid: HCl (aq) → H + (aq) + Cl- (aq)

Sulfide acid: H2S (aq) → H + (aq) + S2- (aq)

2. Oxygen Acid

Example:

Nitric acid: HNO3 (aq) → H + (aq) + NO3- (aq)

Carbonic acid: H2CO3 (aq) → 2H + (aq) + CO32- (aq)

Sulfuric acid: H2SO4 (aq) → 2H + (aq) + SO42- (aq)

Posfat acid: H3PO4 (aq) → 3H + (aq) + PO43- (aq)

3. Organic Acid

Example:

Formic acid: HCOOH (aq) → H + (aq) + HCOO- (aq)

Acetic acid: CH3COOH (aq) → H + (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)

Benzoic acid: C6H5COOH (aq) → H + (aq) + C6H5COO- (aq)

Oxalic acid: H2C2O4 (aq) → 2H + (aq) + C2O42- (aq)

4. Acid oxide

Example:

Carbon dioxide: CO2 (g) + H2O (l) → H2CO3 (aq)

Sulfur trioxide: SO3 (g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq)

Dinitrogen pentaoxide: N2O5 (g) + H2O (l) → 2HNO3 (aq)

From the above reaction equation shows that one acid molecule can release one, two, or three H + ions. An acid which produces only an H + ion is called a monoprotic acid, or a single acid, an acid that produces two H + ions each molecule is called a diprotic acid or a two-acid acid.

According to the Arrhenius acid-base theory, strong acid is an acid whose degree of ionization is large or readily biodegradable and produces many H + ions in the solution. Strong acids include HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, and HClO4.

TYPES OF BASIC COMPASSION

According to the Arrhenius acid-base theory, a base is a compound that in water (solution) can produce OH-ions. Generally the base is formed from an ionic compound containing the hydroxide group (-OH) in it. However, ammonia (NH3) although a covalent compound, but in the water including basic compounds, because after being dissolved into water can produce OH-ions.

Some types of basic compounds, including:

1. Compounds containing hydroxide ions

Example:

Sodium hydroxide: NaOH (aq) → Na + (aq) + OH- (aq)

Calcium hydroxide: Ca (OH) 2 (aq) → Ca2 + (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

Aluminum hydroxide: Al (OH) 3 (aq) → Al3 + (aq) + 3OH- (aq)

2. Oxide base

Example:

Sodium oxide: Na2O (s) + H2O (l) → 2NaOH (aq)

Calcium oxide: CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca (OH) 2 (aq)

Aluminum oxide: Al2O3 (s) + H2O (l) → 2Al (OH) 3 (aq)

3. Compounds that react with water release hydroxide ions

Example:

Ammonia: NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) → NH4 + (aq) + OH- (aq)

Methyl amine: CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O (l) → CH3NH3 + (aq) + OH- (aq)

Phenyl amine: C6H5NH2 (aq) + H2O (l) → C6H5NH3 + (aq) + OH- (aq)

Not all compounds containing the -OH group are a base. For example CH3COOH and C6H5COOH are actually acids. Meanwhile, CH3OH does not exhibit acid or base properties in water (this includes indifferent oxides). According to Arrhenius's acid-base theory, there are strong bases and weak bases. Strong bases are easily ionized bases in the solution and many produce OH-ions. For example KOH, NaOH, Ba (OH) 2, and Ca (OH) 2.

III. LEARNING STEPS

No.

Learning Steps

Activities

Time Allocation

Teacher

Student

1.

Initial activity

preliminary

Master greeted the opening

The teacher asks one of the students to lead the prayer before starting the lesson

The teacher checks for student attendance

Students answer greeting

Students pray

Students listen and answer

5 minutes

Apperception

Master reviews the previous material about the nature of acids and bases.

The teacher asks the students whether they have brought the materials to be used today.

Master shows the surrounding solutions that include acid or base solutions by asking questions to the students and asking questions about what are the natural indicators for testing acid or base solutions.

Students answered the acidic character of having pH <7, base pH> 7, and neutral pH = 7.

Students answer and show the material that has been brought

Students answer and mention examples of acid and base solutions

Students answer the natural indicator that is from the shoe flowers, leaves of water boyfriend, turmeric, and beautiful flower nusa.

5 minutes

Motivation

Teachers convey the purpose of learning is to test the solution with natural indicators made through experiments.

Before doing the experiment, the teacher explains how to test acid-base solution.

Test methods:

Select multiple samples

Gerus in the mortar with a little water.

Filter the sample extract.

 Squeeze the sample extract on the tested solution.

After creating a natural indicator, students are assigned to test an acid solution of vinegar, lime water, orange juice, and soapy water

The teacher asks the students whether they understand or not. If there is a teacher asked to answer the question.

Students listen and pay attention

Students listen and pay attention

Students confirm their understanding

5 minutes

2.

Core activities

Exploration

The teacher divides the students into 4 groups

The teacher divided the sample in each group.

Group 1 = shoe flower

Group 2 = turmeric

Group 3 = leaf water boyfriend

Group 4 = beautiful flower nusa

The teacher gives each group a spreadsheet

The teacher gives directions to the students to begin experimenting

Students form 4 groups consisting of 7-8 people

Student receives worksheet

Students start the experiment by making an indicator first and then test the solution that has been available with the indicator made. In accordance with the procedure described by the previous teacher

50 minutes

Elaboration

The teacher reaffirms that the resulting properties of the solution are recorded on the worksheet

A traveling teacher to observe student work

Master reminded that students can observe the color and determine the nature of the solution precisely and thoroughly

The teacher asks the students to conclude the outcome of the discussion with the group

Students record the properties of the solution on the worksheet

Students observe precisely and thoroughly

Student concludes discussion result

10 minutes

Confirmation

The teacher assigns students to collect the results of their experiments on the teacher

The teacher rewards the group with the highest score

Students collect observations

The highest rated students received the award from the teacher

5 minutes

3.

Closing Activity

The teacher guides the students to conclude based on the learning objectives

Conclusion:

Hibiscus

Acid = red

Base = green

Neutral = colorless

Turmeric

Acid = yellow old

Basa = orange

Neutral = bright yellow

Water boyfriend leaves

Acid = red

Base = yellow

Nusa flower is beautiful

Acid = red

Base = yellow

The teacher conveyed that the next meeting is the acid base titration material and the titration curve

Master closes the lesson and greets

IV. MODEL / STRATEGY / METHOD / APPROACH

Model      : Projrct based learning

Strategy   : Contextual Learning

Approach : A conceptual approach

Methods  : Experiments and discussion

V. SOURCE AND LEARNING MEDIA

 Learning Resources

Science High School IPA Books

Purba, Michael. 2006. Chemistry for High School Class XI. Jakarta: Erland.

Saptorini, Dyah., Et al. 2006. Chemistry for High School Class XI. Jakarta: Ganeca.

Superior, S. 2006. Chemistry for High School Class XI. Jakarta: Erland.

      Instructional Media

LKPD (Student Work Sheet), tools and materials for the experiment

LCD and Laptop

VI. ASSESSMENT

A. Cognitive, students expected:

Can explain the meaning of acid and base

Can identify the nature of acid and base solutions using natural indicators

B. Affective, expected students:

Listen to the teacher's explanation actively.

Ask questions if there is material that has not been understood to the teacher.

Can answer questions given by the teacher.

C. Psychomotor, student expected:

Recognize which is acid solution and alkaline solution.